Knowing useful git commands can greatly help the development workflow. Here are some useful git commands and options that not everyone might know.

1. `git status`

git status shows what files have been changed from the current HEAD commit.

When you run git status, it shows:

If the current local branch is ahead or behind the remote branch (if it exists).
Changed to be committed
Changed not staged for commit.

Changes to be committed are files that have been staged using git add.

Changes not staged for commit files that have been changed but not staged using git add.

It is always to run git status to double-check before you git push.

1. `git add -u -p`

git add adds new or changed files to the staging area. Files must be added to the staging area before git commit.

The -u option only stages modified and deleted files, but NOT new files.

The -p option allows the user to see each changed chunk and choose to stage it or not.

When you use the two -u -p options together, it allows us to avoid committing unwanted changes and error log files.

When you want to move uncommitted work to a new branch, you can use git checkout -b newbranch.

Any uncommitted work will be moved to the new branch.

git stash stores uncommitted work in a temporary location.

git stash is useful when you need to switch branches, but do not want to commit the changes just yet.

git stash pop restores the last stash.

git checkout - switches the current branch to the previous branch.

git checkout - can be used to switch back and forth between two branches easily.

git reset --soft HEAD~1 undoes the last commit.

git commit --amend edits the last commit message.